Globalization Is An Increasingly Present Phenomenon, Which

Globalization is an increasingly present phenomenon, which influences almost everyone’s life to a certain extent. Our world is more connected than ever, and not just from an economic point of view, but from social, political, technological, and cultural as well. Globalization can be defined, analysed, tackled many ways, but this essay seeks to briefly define globalization, introduce the convergence - diversity debate, and examine the different types of organizational strategic perspectives in China. The notions of globality can be traced back to the early part of humanity, but the term globalization itself was not coined until the 20th century. From a social standpoint, it can be defined as: â€Å"A social process in which the constraints of†¦show more content†¦From a managerial point of view, there are many implications of convergence. For example, the staff of multinational firms are often expected to move around the organization’s global operations. Furthermore, â€Å"Belief in the transferability of techniques has led management to turn elsewhere for solutions to problems such as organization structures, new market entry, product and process design, controlling labour and cost reduction.† (Needle, pp.147) On the other side of the debate, â€Å"divergence scholars instead assert that national culture, not economic ideology, or technological growth, is (and will continue to be) the dominant force in shaping the values, beliefs, and attitudes...within a country†. (Gupta, V.; Wang, J pp. 69) The divergence supporters argue that differences in cultural values can be seen as natural barriers to convergence, and they can only be altered slowly. They insist, that instead of converging on one model, national states and companies aim to be different, so they can be more compatible on the global market. Divergence scholars are convinced that management practices cannot simply be integrated, as cultural differences - particularly between Western and Eastern countries - are too great. There is a hybrid model which combines the best features of convergent and divergent ideology, called cross-vergence. It represents a middle way in the values symbolized by the Western and Eastern world.Show MoreRelated The tourism industry Essay686 Words   |  3 Pagesonly a restricted few had the time and money to travel. Increasing leisure, higher incomes and greatly enhanced mobility have combined to enable more people to partake in travel. The concept of wide-scale travel away from home is a relatively new phenomenon. In the past few people enjoyed free time, and any was usually attributed to religious reasons, hence the word holidays (holy days). Early travel often consisted of pilgrimages and later health spas became very popular. 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Cassirer, Nietzsche and Niccolò Machiavellis The Prince...

Cassirer, Nietzsche and Niccolà ² Machiavellis The Prince When the word Renaissance is mentioned, an image of love for antiquity learning and fine arts usually springs to ones mind. Yet this perception, however legitimate it may be in many areas of Renaissance human achievements, shatters in the face of Niccolà ² Machiavellis masterpiece The Prince. Unlike his contemporary Baldassare Castiglione who exemplified subtlety, Machiavelli was ruthlessly practical, nonchalantly callous, and admirably seamless in his logics about the bloody art of political power. By all accounts The Prince, is a handbook on the acquisition and maintenance of political power. Neither can it be argued any otherwise, like Ernest Cassirer has acknowledged in†¦show more content†¦(p164, New Theory of the State) The keen observer that was Machiavelli merely organized and publicized the thoughts that once were only whispered amongst the political elites. However, while The Prince can hardly be convicted of being a product of malice, what the readers cannot forget is that Machiavelli based his Political Ruler 101 on his fundamental and unshakable personal philosophical conviction that men are inherently self-serving. Cassirer recognizes Machiavelli for his cynical side: we shall never understand [man] as long as we are suffering from the illusion of his original goodness (p163, New Theory of the State). Much like Thomas More who had the fictional More and Raphael Hythloday—two halves of his same philosophical self—arguing about the practicality of an ideal society in Utopia, Ernest Cassirer attempted to draw a distinction between Machiavelli the idealist who cherished dreams of a Republic and Machiavelli the pragmatist who was necessarily pessimistic about the natures of human and politics alike. The liberal Machiavelli ventured that the aim of the common people is more honest than that of the nobles (p28); while the cyn ical Machiavelli claimed that any man who tries to be good all the time is bound to come to ruin among the great number who are not good. (p42) The darker Machiavellis views are echoed in Fredrich Nietzsches philosophy. In his Morals as Fossilized Violence, Nietzsche charged that humans at

Innovation and Sustainable Business Development Long Range Planning

Question: Discuss about theInnovation and Sustainable Business Developmentfor Long Range Planning. Answer: The essay highlights the concepts of business model and how a business model effectively helps in establishing business of a firm. Business model is used in explaining various aspects of the business ranging from its value proposition to the innovation process that a particular business entity wants to adapt in its business activity. The aim of this paper is to get involved in the business model conceptualization and the way a particular firm utilizes their business model to solve their static and dynamic business activities. A detailed analysis of the importance of framing a business model shall be carried on in this study. The argument will be supported by the means of real life business models that have been used by major organization in their business activities. As stated by Kodama (2009), that a business model comprises two elements. These are a specific business system and a profit model. The aim of framing a business model is to conceptualize a picture on how a business operates in its operating environment. In addition to this, a business model also provides the opportunity of using the available resources best as per the ability of the firm (Kodama, 2009). The aim of the firm is to maximize the utilization of the resources available to them. The two components of the business model are inclined towards describing the maximum utilization of the resources and deliver the products to the consumers in a profitable manner (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). The business system is concerned with the system of work that the organization undertakes to deliver its products, while the profit model describes how an organization shall utilize its resources to bring out maximum profit from its business activities. On the other hand, according to Zott and Amit (2010), a business model system is rather designed on three parameters. These are activity content, activity system structure and activity system governance. The business model aims at selecting a particular activity and then aimed at designing a particular structure of the business models. For example, during the financial crisis, the Banclombia has been found to adopt certain strategies and provided microcredit services to 60% of the Colombian (Saebi Foss, 2015). Another change in business model approach has been evident by IBM. It has been found that the company shifted its business activity from dealing with hardware and became a software provider as well. In order to develop this business model, IBM has been found to improve their infrastructure. Consulting with various services, the Company has been able to mark improve their business activities by major changes in their business model (Schneider Spieth, 2013). There are various means of analyzing the profit margin generated by a particular firm. One of the methods of analyzing the business effectiveness is by checking it using the gross profit metric (Saebi Foss, 2015). It is the method where the gross profit earned by the company is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold and the actual revenue earned by the company. In this respect Itami and Nishino (2010) has pointed out that the intension of a company always remain to maximize the profit of the company and thus, the business system is designed likewise. Other important objectives that are fulfilled by designing an effective business model are to create better opportunities for the stakeholders involved with the organization. Business model also focuses on innovation and technologies. In the view point of Carayannis, Sindakis and Walter, C. (2015), if many people are involved in the organizational activities, the scope and opportunity for better innovation increases. It has to be understood in the recent business market scenario, competition has been found to increase deliberately. Therefore, in order to combat against this increasing competition, involving in better innovative approaches is indeed an important criterion to be involved at the time of designing the business model. Business model can be regarded as the system which is inter-related with a number of interdependent activities taking place within the organization (Zott Amit, 2010). The business model has potential role to play in the major decision making that the entrepreneurs make to enhance their business activities. Thus, it can be said that a business model significantly help to establish value for the business (Morris, et al., 2015). However, it has been evident that the business model varies from one organization to other and the frameworks for all the business models are not same. Business model framework provides flexibility to the managers of the organization as well. It is due to the flexibility of the business framework, many organizations are found to come up with changes in their business models based on the market situation. A number of such examples can be given here. An example of a successful business model can be given here. The success Google can be easily be given to the business model that they have designed for their firm. Google provides service to its users without charging a single amount of money. The idea of providing the users with the contents is to attract them (Kodama, 2009). With more contents available to the users, the chance of gaining their attention increases. However, the idea behind the development of the business model is to sell the space to the marketers and advertisers. Today, Google is the most liked search engine. The business model of Google has also considered the cost effective of the firm. For instance, the organization has its own in-house server system that has helped the organization to provide the service within a minimum expenditure (Kodama, 2009). However, it should also be mentioned that the business model of Google is built on both innovation and technology. Similar approaches have been made by other compa nies as well. No matter if it is a manufacturing company or a software development company, innovation and technological advancement is included in the business model of these firms. The complete action of the business activities depends on how the business model is framed by the company. Another important concept of business model has been evident among the Japanese firms. The Japanese style of leadership is based on knowledge integration and innovation. Many business models are based on these two concepts (Itami Nishino, 2010). For instance, the new knowledge creation and the vertical value chain model are the two common business models used in the Japanese companies. The vertical value chain model is most effective model and often helps in the creation of a win-win situation. A company has to continuously access the situation of the business model used in carrying out their activities. Whatever approach is taken, it should be valuable and effective to the particular organization (Itami Nishino, 2010). The success of the Japanese companies can be easily given to the innovative framework that they use in their business system. The business models that the Japanese companies use are much different from those used in the Western countries. For example, the telecommun ication company DoCoMo has been found to use the Vertical integration model in their business. This has significantly helped them to be effective enough to create their own path of integration (Kodama, 2009). This can be regarded as the basic reason behind the success of these business models. Among the three articles on business models, the article by Kodama has been helpful to a great extent. Business models depend on the organizational activities and the market where the organization operates. The business models are designed to engage the stakeholders and increase the profit of the business (Kodama, 2009). However, the role of technology and innovation in framing the business model of an organization cannot be neglected. The advancement in the field of technology has created various options for the business to come up with better approaches and design their business model that is best suitable for the particular business. The business model also enables an organization to fight against the competitors present in the business environment (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). It has to be understood that the corporate activities of a firm depends on the boundaries of market where it operates. Innovation can be regarded as the major driving force behind the success of a business model . By the end of the discussion, it can be said that business models depend on various factors. It has been found that the foundation of the business model depends largely on the area where the particular business operates. For instance the business model of Western countries varies from that of the business model of Japan or other such countries. A detailed investigation on the various business models adopted by various companies in different stages of their business has been evaluated. The business model might also requires to set up new infrastructure for the firm as well but the same is made affordable by the company depending on the profitability that it earns while operating the particular business environment. An organization has to keep competitive measures to keep its dominance in the market where it operates. References: Bonakdar, A. (2015).Business model innovation(Doctoral dissertation, University of St. Gallen). Carayannis, E. G., Sindakis, S., Walter, C. (2015). Business model innovation as lever of organizational sustainability.The Journal of Technology Transfer,40(1), 85-104. DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: What it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), 379-389. Itami, H., Nishino, K. (2010). Killing two birds with one stone: profit for now and learning for the future.Long Range Planning,43(2), 364-369. Kastalli, I. V., Van Looy, B. (2013). Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance.Journal of Operations Management,31(4), 169-180. Kodama, M. (2009). Boundaries innovation and knowledge integration in the Japanese firm.Long Range Planning,42(4), 463-494. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., Richardson, J., Allen, J. (2015). Is the business model a useful strategic concept? Conceptual, theoretical, and empirical insights.Journal of Small Business Strategy,17(1), 27-50. Saebi, T., Foss, N. J. (2015). Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions.European Management Journal,33(3), 201-213. Schneider, S., Spieth, P. (2013). Business model innovation: Towards an integrated future research agenda.International Journal of Innovation Management,17(01), 1340001. Zott, C., Amit, R. (2010). Business model design: an activity system perspective.Long range planning,43(2), 216-226.